The second condition limits evanescent-wave coupling via higher order modes.
2.
It is possible to operate waveguides at higher order modes, or with multiple modes present, but this is usually impractical.
3.
Higher order modes are relatively larger compared to the mode, and thus the fundamental Gaussian mode of a laser may be selected by placing an appropriately sized aperture in the laser cavity.
4.
In single mode optical fibre measurements, it is used to enforce true single mode propagation at wavelengths near or below the theoretical cutoff wavelength, at which substantial power can exist in a higher order mode group.
5.
In addition to the fundamental accelerating TM 01 mode of an RF cavity, numerous higher frequency modes and a few lower-frequency dipole modes are excited by charged particle beam wakefields, all generally denoted higher order modes ( HOMs ).
6.
While the Gouy phase shift for the fundamental ( 0, 0 ) Gaussian mode only changes by �� / 2 radians over all of " z " ( and only by �� / 4 radians between ?" Z R " ), this is increased by the factor " N + 1 " for the higher order modes.
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